Find memory conflicts among multiple threads - GeeksforGeeks


Find memory conflicts among multiple threads - GeeksforGeeks
Consider a RAM organized in blocks. There are multiple processes running on the system. Every application gets below information.
(Thread T, Memory Block M, time t, R/W) which essentially tells that the thread T was using memory block M at time t and operation could be read or write.
Memory conflict is defined as –
– Multiple read operations at the same location are not cause of conflict.
– One write operation between x+5 to x-5 to location M, will be cause of conflict for a thread accessing location M at time x where x is some time in standard unit of time measurement.
– Example – If thread T1 accessed memory location M at time x+1 and if a thread T2 accesses location M before time x+6, then T1 and T2 are candidate of conflict given one of them does write operation.
You are given with the list of threads accessing memory locations, you have to find all conflicts.

The idea is to sort all threads by memory block and if memory block is same, then by time. Once we have all threads sorted, we can traverse all threads one by one. For every thread being traversed, we simply need to check previous adjacent threads of same block as threads are sorted by time.

Sorting can be done in O(nLogn) time. Then it prints all conflicts. Printing all conflicts takes O(n + m) time where m is number of conflicts. So overall time complexity is O(nLogn + m).

struct Thread
{
    int id, memblck, time;
    char access;
};
/* Compare function needed for sorting threads
   We first sort threads on the basis of memory block,
   If they are same, then we sort on the basis of time */
bool compare(const Thread& x, const Thread& y)
{
    if (x.memblck == y.memblck)
        return x.time < y.time;
    else return x.memblck < y.memblck;
}
// Function to print all conflicts among threads
void printConflicts(Thread arr[], int n)
{
    /* Sort the threads first by memblock, then by
       time */
    sort(arr, arr+n, compare);
    /*start from second thread till last thread*/
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
    {
        /* As threads are sorted, We check further
           for conflict possibility only if there
           memblock is same*/
        if(arr[i].memblck == arr[i-1].memblck)
        {
            /* As threads with same block are sorted in increasing order
               of access time. So we check possibility conflict from last
               thread to all previous threads which access the same block
               of memory such that the current thread access under the
               arr[i-1].time + 5.. and if any of them does read operation
               than conflict occurs. at any point memblock becomes different
               or current thread moves out of vulnerable time of latest
               previous processed thread, the loop breaks.
            */
            if (arr[i].time <= arr[i-1].time+5)
            {
                int j = i-1; /* start with previous thread */
                // Find all previous conflicting threads
                while (arr[i].memblck == arr[j].memblck &&
                        arr[i].time <= arr[j].time+5 &&
                        j >= 0)
                {
                    if (arr[i].access == 'W' || arr[j].access == 'W')
                    {
                        cout << "threads " << arr[j].id << " and "
                             << arr[i].id << " conflict.\n";
                    }
                    j--;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    cout << "All other operations are same\n";
}
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