Tanky Woo >> 随机化算法(2) -- 数值概率算法


Tanky Woo » 随机化算法(2) — 数值概率算法
用随机投点法计算Pi值
设有一半径为r的圆及其外切四边形。向该正方形随机地投掷n个点。设落入圆内的点数为k。由于所投入的点在正方形上均匀分布,因而所投入的点落入圆内的概率为(Pi*r*r)/(4*r*r)= Pi/4 。所以当n足够大时,k与n之比就逼近这一概率。从而,PI 约等于 (4*k)/n.
double Darts(long n)
{
 // 用随机投点法计算Pi值
 static RandomNumber dart;
 long k = 0;
 for(long i=1; i<=n; ++i)
 {
  double x = dart.fRandom();
  double y = dart.fRandom();
  // 在圆内
  if((x*x+y*y) <= 1)
   ++k;
 }
 return 4 * k / double(n);
}
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