P05: 二维费用的背包问题


P05: 二维费用的背包问题
二维费用的背包问题是指:对于每件物品,具有两种不同的费用;选择这件物品必须同时付出这两种代价;对于每种代价都有一个可付出的最大值(背包容量)。问怎样选择物品可以得到最大的价值。设这两种代价分别为代价1和代价2,第i件物品所需的两种代价分别为a[i]和b[i]。两种代价可付出的最大值(两种背包容量)分别为V和U。物品的价值为w[i]。

算法

费用加了一维,只需状态也加一维即可。设f[i][v][u]表示前i件物品付出两种代价分别为v和u时可获得的最大价值。状态转移方程就是:
f[i][v][u]=max{f[i-1][v][u],f[i-1][v-a[i]][u-b[i]]+w[i]}
如前述方法,可以只使用二维的数组:当每件物品只可以取一次时变量v和u采用逆序的循环,当物品有如完全背包问题时采用顺序的循环。当物品有如多重背包问题时拆分物品。这里就不再给出伪代码了,相信有了前面的基础,你能够自己实现出这个问题的程序。

物品总个数的限制

有时,"二维费用"的条件是以这样一种隐含的方式给出的:最多只能取M件物品。这事实上相当于每件物品多了一种"件数"的费用,每个物品的件数费用均为1,可以付出的最大件数费用为M。换句话说,设f[v][m]表示付出费用v、最多选m件时可得到的最大价值,则根据物品的类型(01、完全、多重)用不同的方法循环更新,最后在f[0..V][0..M]范围内寻找答案。


http://www.cnphp6.com/archives/63014
0-1背包类似,只不过限制条件多了一个体积而已,最简单的思路就是,多开一维数组控制这个条件。
for(i =1;i<n+1;i++)
   {
       cin>>w[i]>>b[i]>>v[i];
   }
   int dp[50][50][50]={0};        //dp[i][j][k] i代表着第1到第i个物品,j代表的是重量,k代表的是容积,dp为最优价值
   for(i=1;i<n+1;i++)
       for(j =1;j <=c;j++)
           for(k = 1 ;k <= d ; k++)
           {
               if(w[i]<=j&&b[i]<=k)  //当前物品重量小于当前容量,且体积小于容积时 ,才可以考虑装入物品的问题
                   dp[i][j][k] = max(dp[i-1][j][k] , dp[i-1][j-w[i]][k-b[i]] + v[i]);
               else dp[i][j][k] = dp[i-1][j][k];
           }
   cout<<“背包能放物品的最大价值为:”<<dp[n][c][d]<<endl;
  int x[MAX] ={0};   //记录是否被选中
  for(i =n;i>1;i–)
       if(dp[i][c][d]==dp[i-1][c][d])x[i] =0;
      else {x[i]=1;c -= w[i];d -= b[i];}
   x[1]=(dp[1][c][d])?1:0;
   cout<<“被选入背包的物品的编号,质量和体积,价值分别是:”<<endl;
   for(i=1;i<</span>n+1;i++)
       if(x[i]==1)
           cout<<“第”<<i<<“个物品: “<<w[i]<<”  “<<b[i]<<”  “<<v[i]<<endl;

复数域上的背包问题

另一种看待二维背包问题的思路是:将它看待成复数域上的背包问题。也就是说,背包的容量以及每件物品的费用都是一个复数。而常见的一维背包问题则是实数域上的背包问题。(注意:上面的话其实不严谨,因为事实上我们处理的都只是整数而已。)所以说,一维背包的种种思想方法,往往可以应用于二位背包问题的求解中,因为只是数域扩大了而已。
作为这种思想的练习,你可以尝试将P11中提到的"子集和问题"扩展到复数域(即二维),并试图用同样的复杂度解决。

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