POJ 1757 A Simple Math Problem(矩阵快速幂)


POJ 1757 A Simple Math Problem(矩阵快速幂)
Problem Description
Lele now is thinking about a simple function f(x).

If x < 10 f(x) = x.
If x >= 10 f(x) = a0 * f(x-1) + a1 * f(x-2) + a2 * f(x-3) + …… + a9 * f(x-10);
And ai(0<=i<=9) can only be 0 or 1 .

Now, I will give a0 ~ a9 and two positive integers k and m ,and could you help Lele to caculate f(k)%m.
Input
The problem contains mutiple test cases.Please process to the end of file.
In each case, there will be two lines.
In the first line , there are two positive integers k and m. ( k<2*10^9 , m < 10^5 )
In the second line , there are ten integers represent a0 ~ a9.
Output
For each case, output f(k) % m in one line.
Sample Input
10 9999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 500 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Sample Output
45 104
http://blog.csdn.net/sio__five/article/details/37072641
题目大意
If x < 10 f(x) = x.
If x >= 10 f(x) = a0 * f(x-1) + a1 * f(x-2) + a2 * f(x-3) + …… + a9 * f(x-10);
And ai(0<=i<=9) can only be 0 or 1 .
现在给你k和m,求f(k) % m。
解题思路:
f(x) = a0 * f(x-1) + a1 * f(x-2) + a2 * f(x-3) + …… + a9 * f(x-10)
其中k为10^9数量级,必然不能用递推的方式做。这类题目可以通过构造矩阵,用矩阵快速幂来做。
构造的矩阵是:
|0 0 ......... 0|    |f0|   |f1 |
|0 0 ....... 0|    |f1|   |f2 |
|................1|  |..| = |...|
|a9 a8 .........a0|    |f9|   |f10|
我们看到规律了,每次要到下次个A*B,以此类推则由A*A*A.......A*B;
  1. const int maxn = 20;  
  2. const int maxm = 20;  
  3. ll mod, k;  
  4. struct Matrix {  
  5.     int n, m;  
  6.     int a[maxn][maxm];  
  7.     void clear() {  
  8.         n = m = 0;  
  9.         memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));  
  10.     }  
  11.     Matrix operator * (const Matrix &b) const { //实现矩阵乘法  
  12.         Matrix tmp;  
  13.         tmp.clear();  
  14.         tmp.n = n; tmp.m = b.m;  
  15.         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  
  16.             for (int j = 0; j < b.m; j++)  
  17.                 for (int k = 0; k < m; k++) {  
  18.                     tmp.a[i][j] += a[i][k] * b.a[k][j];  
  19.                     tmp.a[i][j] %= mod;  
  20.                 }  
  21.         return tmp;  
  22.     }  
  23. };  
  24. Matrix A, B;  
  25. void init() {  
  26.     A.clear(); //矩阵A是构造的矩阵  
  27.     A.n = A.m = 10;  
  28.     for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)  
  29.         A.a[i][i + 1] = 1;  
  30.     B.clear();  
  31.     B.n = 10; B.m = 1; //矩阵B是f(x)的前10个数  
  32.     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)  
  33.         B.a[i][0] = i;  
  34. }  
  35. Matrix Matrix_pow(Matrix A, ll k, ll mod) { //矩阵快速幂  
  36.     Matrix res;  
  37.     res.clear();  
  38.     res.n = res.m = 10;  
  39.     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) res.a[i][i] = 1;  
  40.     while(k) {  
  41.         if (k & 1) res = A * res;  
  42.         k >>= 1;  
  43.         A = A * A;  
  44.     }  
  45.     return res;  
  46. }  
  47. int main () {  
  48.     init();  
  49.     while(cin>>k>>mod) {  
  50.         int x;  
  51.         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
  52.             scanf("%d", &x);  
  53.             A.a[9][9 - i] = x;  
  54.         }  
  55.         if (k < 10) {  
  56.             printf("%lld\n", k % mod);  
  57.         }  
  58.         else {  
  59.             Matrix res = Matrix_pow(A, k - 9, mod);  
  60.             res = res * B;  
  61.             cout<<res.a[9][0]<<endl;  
  62.         }  
  63.     }  
  64.     return 0;  
  65. }  
Also check http://www.acmerblog.com/hdu-1757-A-Simple-Math-Problem-2734.html
51 int main(){
52     while(scanf("%d%d",&k,&m)!=EOF){
53         Initiate();
54         if(k<10){
55             printf("%d\n",k%m);
56             continue;
57         }
58         Matrix temp=Pow(k-9);
59         int ans=0;
60         for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
61             ans+=temp.map[0][i]*(N-i-1); //最后要乘上f[9],f[8],...,f[1],f[0];
62             ans%=m;
63         }
64         printf("%d\n",ans);
65     }
66     return 0;
67 }
附上一链接:http://blog.csdn.net/q3498233/article/details/5786180
Also check http://blog.csdn.net/u010709592/article/details/30144433
Read full article from Problem - 1757

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