游戏面试题-武器升级 - tenos - 博客园


游戏面试题-武器升级 - tenos - 博客园
一把武器,最低是1级,最高可以升到9级,每次升级成功率30%,失败率70%。失败会退一级,在1级的时候如果失败则仍然为1级。问:该武器从1级升到9级的所需次数的期望?

记从第k-1级升到第k级所需次数的期望是E_k。

假设武器处于k级,那么从k级升到k+1所需次数的期望E_(k+1) 如何求呢? 分为两种情况:
(1)、从k到k+1第一次成功,概率是0.3,所需次数是1      
(2)、第一次不成功,退回到了k-1级,概率是0.7,这时需要先从k-1上升到k(需要的次数期望是E_k),再从k上升到k+1(需要的次数期望是E_(k+1)),总的所需次数是 E_k + E_(k+1) + 1。

根据期望的计算公式可以得到: E_(k+1) = 0.3*1 + 0.7*(E_k + E_(k+1) + 1)
上式化简为:0.3E_(k+1) = 0.7E_k + 1
作简单变换可得:0.3(E_(k+1) + 2.5) = 0.7(E_k + 2.5)
很明显E_k+2.5 是等比数列,可以很容易求得E_k的通项公式。
那么最终从1级上升到9级所需次数期望 = E_2 + E_3 + E_4 + … + E_9, 可以根据等比数列求和公式求得。
http://www.jiancool.com/article/57262548818/
设f(x,y)表示从x升级到y的宝石数期望,则:
f(0,3)  =  1 + f(1,3)
f(1,3)  =  A1*(1+f(2,3)) + B1*(1+f(1,3)) + C1*(1+f(0,3))
f(2,3) =  A2*1 + B2*(1+f(2,3)) + C2*(1+f(1,3))
很明显,这是一个三元一次方程组,必定可以计算出f(0,3),f(1,3),f(2,3)
其中f(0,3)为最终的答案

其实,这个思想并不难,关键是有没有想到,下面做简单分析
  • f(0,3)用一块宝石升级到1级后,继续的期望是f(1,3) =>  f(0,3) = 1 +f(1,3)
  • f(x,y)用一块宝石升级一次后,有Ax的概率升一级,之后期望为f(x+1,y),这部分为Ax*(1+f(x+1,y)),之后部分类似分析,即可得到 f(x,y) = Ax*(1+f(x+1,y)) + Bx*(1+f(x,y)) + Cx*(1+f(x-1,y)),关于x与y的大小,还有一些边界就自己去考虑吧
  • f(x,x)为0

最终答案:

如果我们令[A0,B0,C0] = [1,0,0] ,[A1,B1,C1] = [1/3,1/3,1/3],[A2,B2,C2] = [1/9,4/9,4/9] ,那么f(0,3) = 30  f(1,3) = 29   f(2,3) = 25

注意,根据我们上面简单分析中的第二条f(x,y)的计算,其实可以解决升级到任意等级的需要的宝石数,包括将最高等级扩展到N,只要有对应的[Ai,Bi,Ci],因为实际上最后问题都是一个方程组,可以编程来解决,参考矩阵的相关知识,见数值计算。

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