Finding all cycles in undirected graphs - Stack Overflow


Finding all cycles in undirected graphs - Stack Overflow
An outer loop scans all nodes of the graph and starts a search from every node. Node neighbours (according to the list of edges) are added to the cycle path. Recursion ends if no more non-visited neighbours can be added. A new cycle is found if the path is longer than two nodes and the next neighbour is the start of the path. To avoid duplicate cycles, the cycles are normalized by rotating the smallest node to the start. Cycles in inverted ordering are also taken into account.

public class GraphCycleFinder {
    //  Graph modeled as list of edges
    static int[][] graph =
        {
            {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {2, 3},
            {3, 4}, {2, 6}, {4, 6}, {7, 8},
            {8, 9}, {9, 7}
        };
    static List<int[]> cycles = new ArrayList<int[]>();
    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < graph.length; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < graph[i].length; j++)
            {
                findNewCycles(new int[] {graph[i][j]});
            }
        for (int[] cy : cycles)
        {
            String s = "" + cy[0];
            for (int i = 1; i < cy.length; i++)
            {
                s += "," + cy[i];
            }
            o(s);
        }
    }
    static void findNewCycles(int[] path)
    {
            int n = path[0];
            int x;
            int[] sub = new int[path.length + 1];
            for (int i = 0; i < graph.length; i++)
                for (int y = 0; y <= 1; y++)
                    if (graph[i][y] == n)
                    //  edge refers to our current node
                    {
                        x = graph[i][(y + 1) % 2];
                        if (!visited(x, path))
                        //  neighbor node not on path yet
                        {
                            sub[0] = x;
                            System.arraycopy(path, 0, sub, 1, path.length);
                            //  explore extended path
                            findNewCycles(sub);
                        }
                        else if ((path.length > 2) && (x == path[path.length - 1]))
                        //  cycle found
                        {
                            int[] p = normalize(path);
                            int[] inv = invert(p);
                            if (isNew(p) && isNew(inv))
                            {
                                cycles.add(p);
                            }
                        }
                    }
    }
    //  check of both arrays have same lengths and contents
    static Boolean equals(int[] a, int[] b)
    {
        Boolean ret = (a[0] == b[0]) && (a.length == b.length);
        for (int i = 1; ret && (i < a.length); i++)
        {
            if (a[i] != b[i])
            {
                ret = false;
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
    //  create a path array with reversed order
    static int[] invert(int[] path)
    {
        int[] p = new int[path.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < path.length; i++)
        {
            p[i] = path[path.length - 1 - i];
        }
        return normalize(p);
    }
    //  rotate cycle path such that it begins with the smallest node
    static int[] normalize(int[] path)
    {
        int[] p = new int[path.length];
        int x = smallest(path);
        int n;
        System.arraycopy(path, 0, p, 0, path.length);
        while (p[0] != x)
        {
            n = p[0];
            System.arraycopy(p, 1, p, 0, p.length - 1);
            p[p.length - 1] = n;
        }
        return p;
    }
    //  compare path against known cycles
    //  return true, iff path is not a known cycle
    static Boolean isNew(int[] path)
    {
        Boolean ret = true;
        for(int[] p : cycles)
        {
            if (equals(p, path))
            {
                ret = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
    static void o(String s)
    {
        System.out.println(s);
    }
    //  return the int of the array which is the smallest
    static int smallest(int[] path)
    {
        int min = path[0];
        for (int p : path)
        {
            if (p < min)
            {
                min = p;
            }
        }
        return min;
    }
    //  check if vertex n is contained in path
    static Boolean visited(int n, int[] path)
    {
        Boolean ret = false;
        for (int p : path)
        {
            if (p == n)
            {
                ret = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
}
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