HDU 3555 0 Bomb (数位DP)


HDU 3555 0 Bomb (数位DP)
Problem Description
The counter-terrorists found a time bomb in the dust. But this time the terrorists improve on the time bomb. The number sequence of the time bomb counts from 1 to N. If the current number sequence includes the sub-sequence "49", the power of the blast would add one point.
Now the counter-terrorist knows the number N. They want to know the final points of the power. Can you help them?
Input
The first line of input consists of an integer T (1 <= T <= 10000), indicating the number of test cases. For each test case, there will be an integer N (1 <= N <= 2^63-1) as the description.

The input terminates by end of file marker.
Output
For each test case, output an integer indicating the final points of the power.
Sample Input
3 1 50 500
Sample Output
0 1 15

http://blog.csdn.net/sr_19930829/article/details/38444255
题意就是求从整数1到N中有多少个含有“49”的数? 比如N=500,那么  "49","149","249","349","449","490","491","492","493","494","495","496","497","498","499",
so the answer is 15.
先说一下总体思路:
假设统计N=591时,那么按以下的顺序进行统计:
1~499         确定5这一位,统计的数比它小
500~589     确定9这一位 ,统计的数比它小
590            确定1这一位,统计的数比它小 
最后判断一下自身是不是符合 即591
循环三次就把符合题意的数的总数全都求出来了,这就是本题的数位DP的奥妙之处.
dp[i][j] 表示长度为i的数(也就是有i位数)状态为j的数的总数有多少
本题状态有三种: 
①dp[i][0]代表长度为i且不包含49的数有多少个
②dp[i][1]代表长度为i且不包含49且左边第一位(最高位)为9的数有多少个
③dp[i][2]代表长度为i且包含49的数有多少个
打表预处理,0<=i<=21(21位就够了),主要是处理状态的转移
dp[i][0]=dp[i-1][0]*10-dp[i-1][1];                              //dp[i][0]高位随便加一个数字都可以,但是会出现49XXX的情况,要减去
dp[i][1]=dp[i-1][0];                                                     //在不含49的情况下高位加9
dp[i][2]=dp[i-1][2]*10+dp[i-1][1];                            //在含有49的情况下高位随便加一位或者不含49但高位是9,在前面最高位加上4就可以了
  1. void init()  
  2. {  
  3.     dp[0][0]=1,dp[0][1]=0,dp[0][2]=0;  
  4.     for(int i=1;i<=21;i++)  
  5.     {  
  6.         dp[i][0]=dp[i-1][0]*10-dp[i-1][1];//dp[i][0]高位随便加一个数字都可以,但是会出现49XXX的情况,要减去  
  7.         dp[i][1]=dp[i-1][0];//在不含49的情况下高位加9  
  8.         dp[i][2]=dp[i-1][2]*10+dp[i-1][1];//在含有49的情况下高位随便一位或者不含49但高位是9,在前面最高位加上4就可以了  
  9.     }  
  10. }  
  11.   
  12. long long cal(long long n)  
  13. {  
  14.     int len=0;  
  15.     while(n)  
  16.     {  
  17.         bit[++len]=n%10;  
  18.         n/=10;  
  19.     }  
  20.     long long ans=0;  
  21.     bit[len+1]=0;  
  22.     bool has=false;  
  23.     for(int i=len;i>=1;i--)//每次确定一位  
  24.     {  
  25.         ans+=dp[i-1][2]*bit[i];//低位中含有49,高位随便一个1,2,3....bit[i]都可以,bit[i]是代表有几个数字,比如bit[i]=5,那么代表有五个数字,0,1,2,3,4,比5小。  
  26.         if(!has)  
  27.         {  
  28.             if(bit[i]>4)  
  29.                 ans+=dp[i-1][1];//低位中高位是9,前面加上4就可以了  
  30.         }  
  31.         else  
  32.             ans+=(dp[i-1][0])*bit[i];//如果有49,就随便选了,比如 495的时候,有490 491 492 493 494  
  33.             //上面这句话困扰了我一天多的时间。为什么不写(d[i-1][0]+dp[i-1][2])*bit[i]呢,前面已经出现过49  
  34.             //那么低位任意选择都可以,dp[i-1][0]是那些低位不出现49的,dp[i-1][2]是那些低位出现49的,按理说应该  
  35.             //加上啊,BUT!!!清注意循环里面的第一句ans+=dp[i-1][2]*bit[i]; 前面已经加上了dp[i-1][2]低位有  
  36.             //49的情况了,哎,欲哭无泪........  
  37.         if(bit[i+1]==4&&bit[i]==9)  
  38.            has=true;  
  39.     }  
  40.     if(has)  
  41.         ans++;  
  42.     return ans;  
  43. }  
  44.   
  45. //以491为例,先求出所有比400小的数中有多少符合题意的,然后4这一位确定以后,再求所有比490小,再求出所有比491小  
  46. //i=3 求出数 049 149 249 349  
  47. //i=2 求出数 449  
  48. //i=1 求出数 490  
  49.   
  50. //自身包含49 所以求出数491  
  51.   
  52. int main()  
  53. {  
  54.     init();  
  55.     int t;cin>>t;  
  56.     while(t--)  
  57.     {  
  58.         cin>>n;  
  59.         cout<<cal(n)<<endl;  
  60.     }  
  61.     return 0;  
  62. }  
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