google面经 - 未名空间(mitbbs.com)


google面经(挂了) - 未名空间(mitbbs.com)
1. 二维matrix,含0,1。  1是障碍。
  00011
  11100
  从左上角出发到右下角, 可以往上,往下,往右移动。
  把1变成0,使得你可以从左上角到右下角。
  求最小的变化数字。



一般的题目是限定只能向下走和向右走,这样的话DP大家都是知道的,就是按逆对角刷
DP:

a(i,j) = min(cost(i,j+1) + a(i,j+1), cost(i+1,j) + a(i+1,j))

这个题目说可以向上走,使得为题复杂化了。但是只需改进DP方式仍然可以解决。这次
我们从右向左逐列刷DP。对于第j列,

for i = 1 to n, a_r(i,j) = cost(i,j+1) + a(i,j+1)
for i = 1 to n, a_u(i,j) = min(a_r(i,j), cost(i-1,j) + a_u(i-1,j))
for i = n to 1, a_d(i,j) = min(a_r(i,j), cost(i+1,j) + a_d(i+1,j))
for i = 1 to n, a(i,j) = min(a_r(i,j), a_u(i,j), a_d(i,j))

a_r(i,j)记录的是从i,j向右走的最佳方式。
a_u(i,j)记录的是从i,j向上走的最佳方式。
a_d(i,j)记录的是从i,j向下走的最佳方式。注意计算a_d的时候要从下往上,e.g. for
n to 1.

这样每个点只算了三次,整体复杂性依然是线性的。

这个加强版的DP可以解决普遍的问题,不局限于矩阵的值只能是0或1。
第一题我会用flood fill + m×n 空间
http://shibaili.blogspot.com/2015/07/google-interview-questions-3.html
2个角度(dfs / bfs)
#1 找出所有路径中,含1最少的那个路径
#2 最短路径,每个路径weight为0或者1, dijkstra

Dijkstra为O(n*lgn),可用2个queue降低复杂度为O(n)。因为edge的weight只为0或1
bool bfs(vector<vector<int> > &grid,vector<vector<bool> > &visit,queue<pair<int,int>> &q1,queue<pair<int,int>> &q2) {
    while (!q1.empty()) {
        int row = q1.front().first;
        int col = q1.front().second;
        if (row == grid.size() - 1 && col == grid[0].size() - 1) {
            return true;   
        }
        q1.pop();
         
        if (row + 1 < grid.size() && !visit[row + 1][col]) {
            visit[row + 1][col] = true;
            if (grid[row + 1][col] == 0) {
                q1.push(make_pair(row + 1,col));
            }else {
                q2.push(make_pair(row + 1,col));   
            }
        }
        if (row - 1 >= 0 && !visit[row - 1][col]) {
            visit[row - 1][col] = true;
            if (grid[row - 1][col] == 0) {
                q1.push(make_pair(row - 1,col));
            }else {
                q2.push(make_pair(row - 1,col));   
            }  
        }
        if (col + 1 < grid[0].size() && !visit[row][col + 1]) {
            visit[row][col + 1] = true;
            if (grid[row][col + 1] == 0) {
                q1.push(make_pair(row,col + 1));
            }else {
                q2.push(make_pair(row,col + 1));   
            }
        }
        if (col - 1 >= 0 && !visit[row][col - 1]) {
            visit[row][col - 1] = true;
            if (grid[row][col - 1] == 0) {
                q1.push(make_pair(row,col - 1));
            }else {
                q2.push(make_pair(row,col - 1));   
            }  
        }
         
    }
     
     
    return false;
}
 
int findPath(vector<vector<int> > &grid) {
    int m = grid.size();
    int n = grid[0].size();
    queue<pair<int,int>> q1;
    queue<pair<int,int>> q2;
    int count = 0;
    q1.push(make_pair(0,0));
     
    vector<vector<bool> > visit(m,vector<bool>(n,false));
    visit[0][0] = true;
     
    while (!q1.empty()) {
        if (bfs(grid,visit,q1,q2)) {
            return count;
        }
        count++;
        queue<pair<int,int>> empty;
        q1 = q2;
        swap(q2,empty);
    }
     
    return -1;
}

2。 两个区间,左闭右开。数字可以是整数或者浮点,
     要你判断两个区间是否相交。
     特殊例子需要你自己定义。


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