Java里多个Map的性能比较(TreeMap、HashMap、ConcurrentSkipListMap) | Hongtium后端技术


TreeMap基于红黑树(一种自平衡二叉查找树)实现的,时间复杂度平均能达到O(log n)。
HashMap是基于散列表实现的,时间复杂度平均能达到O(1)。
ConcurrentSkipListMap是基于跳表实现的,时间复杂度平均能达到O(log n)。

Skip list的性质
(1) 由很多层结构组成,level是通过一定的概率随机产生的。
(2) 每一层都是一个有序的链表,默认是升序,也可以根据创建映射时所提供的Comparator进行排序,具体取决于使用的构造方法。
(3) 最底层(Level 1)的链表包含所有元素。
(4) 如果一个元素出现在Level i 的链表中,则它在Level i 之下的链表也都会出现。
(5) 每个节点包含两个指针,一个指向同一链表中的下一个元素,一个指向下面一层的元素。
Ø  ConcurrentSkipListMap具有Skip list的性质 ,并且适用于大规模数据的并发访问。多个线程可以安全地并发执行插入、移除、更新和访问操作。与其他有锁机制的数据结构在巨大的压力下相比有优势。
Ø  TreeMap插入数据时平衡树采用严格的旋转(比如平衡二叉树有左旋右旋)来保证平衡,因此Skip list比较容易实现,而且相比平衡树有着较高的运行效率。
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