Cuckoo Hashing


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuckoo_hashing
Cuckoo hashing is a scheme for resolving hash collisions of values of hash functions in a table, with worst-case constant lookup time. The name derives from the behavior of some species of cuckoo, where the cuckoo chick pushes the other eggs or young out of the nest when it hatches; analogously, inserting a new key into a cuckoo hashing table may push an older key to a different location in the table.

When a new key is inserted, a greedy algorithm is used: The new key is inserted in one of its two possible locations, "kicking out", that is, displacing, any key that might already reside in this location. This displaced key is then inserted in its alternative location, again kicking out any key that might reside there, until a vacant position is found, or the procedure would enter aninfinite loop. In the latter case, the hash table is rebuilt in-place using new hash functions:

Lookup requires inspection of just two locations in the hash table, which takes constant time in the worst case (see Big O notation). This is in contrast to many other hash table algorithms, which may not have a constant worst-case bound on the time to do a lookup.
https://highlyscalable.wordpress.com/2011/12/29/ultimate-sets-and-maps-for-java-p1/
In CuckooSet we can’t guarantee that insertion will find a place for new element, even after multiple permutations of the existing elements (maximum number of permutations is regulated by insertRounds). So, increase of the table size and rehashing is an integral part of the implementation.

he Cuckoo Hashing  offers a trade off between the memory consumption and performance/stability of the lookups. It typically uses two tables instead of one, but both successful and unsuccessful lookups are performed without iterative jumps (compare contains methods in OpenAddressingSet and CuckooSet)..
https://leijiangcoding.wordpress.com/2015/04/24/hash-tables-with-worst-case-o1-access-cuckoo-hashing/
public class CuckooSet {
    private int[] keysT1;
    private int[] keysT2;
    private int tableLength;
    private int hashShift;
    private int rehashCounter = 0;
    private double loadFactor;
    private int capacity;
    private int insertRounds;
    private static final long H1 = 2654435761L;
    private static final long H2 = 0x6b43a9b5L;
    private static final long INT_MASK = 0x07FFFFFFF;
    private static final int FREE = -1;
    public CuckooSet(int capacity, double loadFactor, int insertRounds) {
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        this.insertRounds = insertRounds;
        initializeCapacity(capacity, loadFactor);
    }
    public boolean add(int key) {
        if(contains(key)) {
            return false;
        }
        for(int i = 0; i < insertRounds; i++) {
            int h1 = h1(key);
            int register = keysT1[h1];
            keysT1[h1] = key;
            if(register == FREE) {
                return true;
            }
            key = register;
            int h2 = h2(key);
            register = keysT2[h2];
            keysT2[h2] = key;
            if(register == FREE) {
                return true;
            }
            key = register;
        }
        rehash();
        return add(key);
    }
    public boolean contains(int key) {
        return keysT1[h1(key)] == key || keysT2[h2(key)] == key;
    }
    public int getRehashCounter() {
        return rehashCounter;
    }
    private void rehash() {
        int[] oldT1 = keysT1;
        int[] oldT2 = keysT2;
        int oldTableLength = tableLength;
        initializeCapacity(capacity * 2, loadFactor);
        for(int i = 0; i < oldTableLength; i++) {
            if(oldT1[i] != FREE) {
                add(oldT1[i]);
            }
            if(oldT2[i] != FREE) {
                add(oldT2[i]);
            }
        }
        rehashCounter++;
    }
    private void initializeCapacity(int capacity, double loadFactor) {
        this.capacity = capacity;
        tableLength = (int)(capacity / loadFactor);
        hashShift = 32 - (int)Math.ceil(Math.log(tableLength) / Math.log(2));
        keysT1 = new int[tableLength];
        keysT2 = new int[tableLength];
        Arrays.fill(keysT1, FREE);
        Arrays.fill(keysT2, FREE);
    }
    private int h1(int key) {
        return ((int)( ((int)(key * H1) >> hashShift) & INT_MASK) ) % tableLength;
    }
    private int h2(int key) {
        return ((int)( ((int)(key * H2) >> hashShift) & INT_MASK) ) % tableLength;
    }
}
http://coolshell.cn/articles/17225.html#more-17225
Cuckoo Filter的论文PPT:Cuckoo Filter: Practically Better Than Bloom
http://users.cis.fiu.edu/~weiss/dsaajava3/code/CuckooHashTable.java

Labels

LeetCode (1432) GeeksforGeeks (1122) LeetCode - Review (1067) Review (882) Algorithm (668) to-do (609) Classic Algorithm (270) Google Interview (237) Classic Interview (222) Dynamic Programming (220) DP (186) Bit Algorithms (145) POJ (141) Math (137) Tree (132) LeetCode - Phone (129) EPI (122) Cracking Coding Interview (119) DFS (115) Difficult Algorithm (115) Lintcode (115) Different Solutions (110) Smart Algorithm (104) Binary Search (96) BFS (91) HackerRank (90) Binary Tree (86) Hard (79) Two Pointers (78) Stack (76) Company-Facebook (75) BST (72) Graph Algorithm (72) Time Complexity (69) Greedy Algorithm (68) Interval (63) Company - Google (62) Geometry Algorithm (61) Interview Corner (61) LeetCode - Extended (61) Union-Find (60) Trie (58) Advanced Data Structure (56) List (56) Priority Queue (53) Codility (52) ComProGuide (50) LeetCode Hard (50) Matrix (50) Bisection (48) Segment Tree (48) Sliding Window (48) USACO (46) Space Optimization (45) Company-Airbnb (41) Greedy (41) Mathematical Algorithm (41) Tree - Post-Order (41) ACM-ICPC (40) Algorithm Interview (40) Data Structure Design (40) Graph (40) Backtracking (39) Data Structure (39) Jobdu (39) Random (39) Codeforces (38) Knapsack (38) LeetCode - DP (38) Recursive Algorithm (38) String Algorithm (38) TopCoder (38) Sort (37) Introduction to Algorithms (36) Pre-Sort (36) Beauty of Programming (35) Must Known (34) Binary Search Tree (33) Follow Up (33) prismoskills (33) Palindrome (32) Permutation (31) Array (30) Google Code Jam (30) HDU (30) Array O(N) (29) Logic Thinking (29) Monotonic Stack (29) Puzzles (29) Code - Detail (27) Company-Zenefits (27) Microsoft 100 - July (27) Queue (27) Binary Indexed Trees (26) TreeMap (26) to-do-must (26) 1point3acres (25) GeeksQuiz (25) Merge Sort (25) Reverse Thinking (25) hihocoder (25) Company - LinkedIn (24) Hash (24) High Frequency (24) Summary (24) Divide and Conquer (23) Proof (23) Game Theory (22) Topological Sort (22) Lintcode - Review (21) Tree - Modification (21) Algorithm Game (20) CareerCup (20) Company - Twitter (20) DFS + Review (20) DP - Relation (20) Brain Teaser (19) DP - Tree (19) Left and Right Array (19) O(N) (19) Sweep Line (19) UVA (19) DP - Bit Masking (18) LeetCode - Thinking (18) KMP (17) LeetCode - TODO (17) Probabilities (17) Simulation (17) String Search (17) Codercareer (16) Company-Uber (16) Iterator (16) Number (16) O(1) Space (16) Shortest Path (16) itint5 (16) DFS+Cache (15) Dijkstra (15) Euclidean GCD (15) Heap (15) LeetCode - Hard (15) Majority (15) Number Theory (15) Rolling Hash (15) Tree Traversal (15) Brute Force (14) Bucket Sort (14) DP - Knapsack (14) DP - Probability (14) Difficult (14) Fast Power Algorithm (14) Pattern (14) Prefix Sum (14) TreeSet (14) Algorithm Videos (13) Amazon Interview (13) Basic Algorithm (13) Codechef (13) Combination (13) Computational Geometry (13) DP - Digit (13) LCA (13) LeetCode - DFS (13) Linked List (13) Long Increasing Sequence(LIS) (13) Math-Divisible (13) Reservoir Sampling (13) mitbbs (13) Algorithm - How To (12) Company - Microsoft (12) DP - Interval (12) DP - Multiple Relation (12) DP - Relation Optimization (12) LeetCode - Classic (12) Level Order Traversal (12) Prime (12) Pruning (12) Reconstruct Tree (12) Thinking (12) X Sum (12) AOJ (11) Bit Mask (11) Company-Snapchat (11) DP - Space Optimization (11) Dequeue (11) Graph DFS (11) MinMax (11) Miscs (11) Princeton (11) Quick Sort (11) Stack - Tree (11) 尺取法 (11) 挑战程序设计竞赛 (11) Coin Change (10) DFS+Backtracking (10) Facebook Hacker Cup (10) Fast Slow Pointers (10) HackerRank Easy (10) Interval Tree (10) Limited Range (10) Matrix - Traverse (10) Monotone Queue (10) SPOJ (10) Starting Point (10) States (10) Stock (10) Theory (10) Tutorialhorizon (10) Kadane - Extended (9) Mathblog (9) Max-Min Flow (9) Maze (9) Median (9) O(32N) (9) Quick Select (9) Stack Overflow (9) System Design (9) Tree - Conversion (9) Use XOR (9) Book Notes (8) Company-Amazon (8) DFS+BFS (8) DP - States (8) Expression (8) Longest Common Subsequence(LCS) (8) One Pass (8) Quadtrees (8) Traversal Once (8) Trie - Suffix (8) 穷竭搜索 (8) Algorithm Problem List (7) All Sub (7) Catalan Number (7) Cycle (7) DP - Cases (7) Facebook Interview (7) Fibonacci Numbers (7) Flood fill (7) Game Nim (7) Graph BFS (7) HackerRank Difficult (7) Hackerearth (7) Inversion (7) Kadane’s Algorithm (7) Manacher (7) Morris Traversal (7) Multiple Data Structures (7) Normalized Key (7) O(XN) (7) Radix Sort (7) Recursion (7) Sampling (7) Suffix Array (7) Tech-Queries (7) Tree - Serialization (7) Tree DP (7) Trie - Bit (7) 蓝桥杯 (7) Algorithm - Brain Teaser (6) BFS - Priority Queue (6) BFS - Unusual (6) Classic Data Structure Impl (6) DP - 2D (6) DP - Monotone Queue (6) DP - Unusual (6) DP-Space Optimization (6) Dutch Flag (6) How To (6) Interviewstreet (6) Knapsack - MultiplePack (6) Local MinMax (6) MST (6) Minimum Spanning Tree (6) Number - Reach (6) Parentheses (6) Pre-Sum (6) Probability (6) Programming Pearls (6) Rabin-Karp (6) Reverse (6) Scan from right (6) Schedule (6) Stream (6) Subset Sum (6) TSP (6) Xpost (6) n00tc0d3r (6) reddit (6) AI (5) Abbreviation (5) Anagram (5) Art Of Programming-July (5) Assumption (5) Bellman Ford (5) Big Data (5) Code - Solid (5) Code Kata (5) Codility-lessons (5) Coding (5) Company - WMware (5) Convex Hull (5) Crazyforcode (5) DFS - Multiple (5) DFS+DP (5) DP - Multi-Dimension (5) DP-Multiple Relation (5) Eulerian Cycle (5) Graph - Unusual (5) Graph Cycle (5) Hash Strategy (5) Immutability (5) Java (5) LogN (5) Manhattan Distance (5) Matrix Chain Multiplication (5) N Queens (5) Pre-Sort: Index (5) Quick Partition (5) Quora (5) Randomized Algorithms (5) Resources (5) Robot (5) SPFA(Shortest Path Faster Algorithm) (5) Shuffle (5) Sieve of Eratosthenes (5) Strongly Connected Components (5) Subarray Sum (5) Sudoku (5) Suffix Tree (5) Swap (5) Threaded (5) Tree - Creation (5) Warshall Floyd (5) Word Search (5) jiuzhang (5)

Popular Posts