假设栈的输入序列为1、2、3、...、n,求出所有可能的出栈序列 - 开源中国社区


假设栈的输入序列为1、2、3、...、n,求出所有可能的出栈序列 - 开源中国社区
假设栈的输入序列为1、2、3、...、n,设计算法求出所有可能的出栈序列(合法序列)。
比如 n = 4,出栈序列可能有1 2 3 4 , 1 2 4 3 , 1 4 3 2 , 1 3  4 2等等 

我使用递归来完成,主要思想:从1到n输入,每一个数只对应两个操作,一个是入栈,一个是出栈(输出),我用一个栈保存入栈元素,一个数组保存出栈元素(这里也可以使用栈,但是输出元素时,需要从反向输出)。
算法虽然简单,但是使用stack的时间代价相当高了,为什么不用数字的位模拟出入栈,用出入栈的顺序推导出数据输出的顺序? 

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void print_valid_sequence(int i,const int n )
 {
     static int number = 0;//记录序列的个数
     static Stack<int> stack;//保存入栈的元素
     static int array[10];//保存输出的元素
     int top;//用来取top
     if(i == n+1)//递归结束条件,输出序列
     {
         ++number;
         cout<<number<<"---";
         for(int j = 0;j < n-stack.length();++j)
            cout<<array[j];//正序输出
         stack.print();//输出
         cout<<endl;
    }
    else
    {
        stack.push(i);//入栈
        print_valid_sequence(i+1,n);
        stack.pop();//为保持stack不变,出栈
 
        if(!stack.empty())//将栈顶元素输出
        {
            stack.getTop(top);
            array[i-stack.length()-1] = top;//将输出的元素放入array中
            stack.pop();
            print_valid_sequence(i,n);//i不变
            stack.push(top);
        }
    }
}


有2n个人排成一队进入剧场。入场费5元。其中只有n个人有一张5元钞票,另外n人只有10元钞票,剧院无其它钞票可找零,问有多少中方法使得只要有10元的人买票,售票处就有5元的钞票找零?(将持5元者到达视作将5元入栈,持10元者到达视作使栈中某5元出栈)。
对于这个例子,剧院要想总有零钱可找,那么目前进入剧院的人数中,揣着10元钞票的人数必须少于等于揣着5元钞票的,不然肯定在某个人那出现没零钱找的情况。
http://www.cnblogs.com/fxplove/articles/2500898.html
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