相似图片搜索的原理(二) - 阮一峰的网络日志


相似图片搜索的原理(二) - 阮一峰的网络日志
一、颜色分布法
每张图片都可以生成颜色分布的直方图(color histogram)。如果两张图片的直方图很接近,就可以认为它们很相似。

任何一种颜色都是由红绿蓝三原色(RGB)构成的,所以上图共有4张直方图(三原色直方图 + 最后合成的直方图)。
如果每种原色都可以取256个值,那么整个颜色空间共有1600万种颜色(256的三次方)。针对这1600万种颜色比较直方图,计算量实在太大了,因此需要采用简化方法。可以将0~255分成四个区:0~63为第0区,64~127为第1区,128~191为第2区,192~255为第3区。这意味着红绿蓝分别有4个区,总共可以构成64种组合(4的3次方)。

上图是某张图片的颜色分布表,将表中最后一栏提取出来,组成一个64维向量(7414, 230, 0, 0, 8, ..., 109, 0, 0, 3415, 53929)。这个向量就是这张图片的特征值或者叫"指纹"。

于是,寻找相似图片就变成了找出与其最相似的向量。这可以用皮尔逊相关系数或者余弦相似度算出。


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