Maximum edge removal from tree to make even forest - GeeksforGeeks

Maximum edge removal from tree to make even forest - GeeksforGeeks
Given an undirected tree which has even number of vertices, we need to remove the maximum number of edges from this tree such that each connected component of the resultant forest has an even number of vertices.

As we need connected components that have even number of vertices so when we get one component we can remove the edge that connects it to the remaining tree and we will be left with a tree with even number of vertices which will be the same problem but of smaller size, we have to repeat this algorithm until the remaining tree cannot be decomposed further in the above manner.
We will traverse the tree using DFS which will return the number of vertices in the component of which the current node is the root. If a node gets an even number of vertices from one of its children then the edge from that node to its child will be removed and result will be increased by one and if the returned number is odd then we will add it to the number of vertices that the component will have if the current node is the root of it.

1) Do DFS from any starting node as tree
is connected.

2) Initialize count of nodes in subtree rooted
under current node as 0.

3) Do following recursively for every subtree
of current node.
    a) If size of current subtree is even,
       increment result by 1 as we can 
       disconnect the subtree.
    b) Else add count of nodes in current 
       subtree to current count.

// Utility method to do DFS of the graph and count edge

// deletion for even forest

int dfs(vector<int> g[], int u, bool visit[], int& res)

{

    visit[u] = true;

    int currComponentNode = 0;

 

    //  iterate over all neighbor of node u

    for (int i = 0; i < g[u].size(); i++)

    {

        int v = g[u][i];

        if (!visit[v])

        {

            // Count the number of nodes in a subtree

            int subtreeNodeCount = dfs(g, v, visit, res);

 

            // if returned node count is even, disconnect

            // the subtree and increase result by one.

            if (subtreeNodeCount % 2 == 0)

                res++;

 

            //  else add subtree nodes in current component

            else

                currComponentNode += subtreeNodeCount;

        }

    }

 

    // number of nodes in current component and one for

    // current node

    return (currComponentNode + 1);

}

 

/*  method returns max edge that we can remove, after which

    each  connected component will have even number of

    vertices */

int maxEdgeRemovalToMakeForestEven(vector<int> g[], int N)

{

    // Create a visited array for DFS and make all nodes

    // unvisited in starting

    bool visit[N + 1];

    for (int i = 0; i <= N; i++)

        visit[i] = false;

 

    int res = 0; // Passed as reference

 

    //  calling the dfs from node-0

    dfs(g, 0, visit, res);

 

    return res;

}

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